- Compulsory for all Ph.D students irrespective of their research areas
I PHYSICAL AND THEORETICAL CHEMISTRY
Atomic structure: Bohr’s model – results of wave mechanical model – quantum
numbers – shapes of orbitals.
Chemical kinetics and equilibrium: Rates of reactions – 1
st and 2nd order reactions
– activation energy – Kp, Kx, Kn, etc. – homogeneous chemical equilibria – acids and
bases – pKa of acid – solubility product.
Thermodynamics and thermo chemistry: Isothermal and adiabatic processes –
carnot cycle, First, second and third laws of thermodynamics and their applications,
entropy – free energy and chemical potential – chemical equilibria – phase equilibria,
Cv and Cp, Hess law – Kirchoff’s law – surface chemistry and thermodynamics –
adsorption – solid state chemistry with reference to adsorption –solution chemistry –
colligative properties – solvation – polar solvents.
Chemical Dynamics: Kinetic theory of gases – kinetics of reactions in the gas
phase – theories of reactions – collision theory – transition state theory –
applications of thermodynamic concepts to reactions – complex reactions such as
parallel, consecutive and reversible reactions – chain reactions and their kinetics –
kinetics in the liquid phase – effect of medium on reactions – homogeneous and
heterogeneous catalysis – photochemistry in the gas phase and in solution –
fluorescence – mechanism of photochemical reactions – irreversible processes in
solution – fast reactions - viscosity – diffusion – sedimentation – behaviour of large
molecules in solution – surfactants and their properties.
Electrochemistry: Conductance of electrolytes – transference – cells, half cells –
Nernst equation – simple applications of conductivity and potentiometry.
Electrochemical cells – Nernst equation – theory of strong electrolytes (DebyeHuckel theory) – electrical double layer Lippman equation and structure –
electrokinetic phenomena – basic electrode kinetics – Butler Volmer equation – Tafel
equation – electroanalytical techniques (e.g polarography etc.)
Quantum chemistry and Chemical bonding:Schroedinger equation (SE) -
postulates of quantum mechanics – operators – operators (Hamiltonian, angular
momentum, spin and ladder) – exact solution of SE for some systems eg. Particle in
the box, rigid rotor harmonic oscillator – approximate methods, variations and
perturbation methods – LCAO – MO and VB methods. MO of diatomics and
correlation diagrams – Huckel MO (HMO) theory and application to simple systems
(eg. conjugated polyenes etc.) hybrid orbitals, molecular geometry.
Nuclear Chemistry:Nuclear reactions – fission and fusion – Radioactive decay
process – interaction of radiation with matter.
Spectroscopy:UV-Vis, IR, Raman spectroscopy – principles of NMR and ESR
spectroscopy – spin – spin splitting – hyperfine interactions – fundamental
understanding of ESCA and Moss bauer spectroscopy - theories of the above
spectroscopies with quantum mechanical approach – applications.
II INORGANIC AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
Analytical Chemistry: BPrinciples of volumetric and gravimetric analysis, organic
reagents in inorganic analysis, Principles of Instrumental methods in analysis –
neutron activation, isotope solution analysis, spectrophotometry and
flamephotometry, general applications of instrumental methods of chemical analysis
– electrochemical and spectroscopic methods in analytical chemistry.
Chemistry of main group elements: A comparative account of the Chemistry of
alkali, alkaline earth metals, non-transition elements and rare gases.
Solid State Chemistry:Crystal systems, Bravais crystal system, crystal symmetry,
symmetry elements in a cubic system, laws of crystallography, atomic radius,
number of atoms per unit cell, atomic packing factor, Weiss and Miller indices,
interplanar spacing, X-ray studies of crystals-Bragg’s equation, imperfections in
crystals, structure of CsCl, CaF2, TiO2, diamond and graphite, Electronic properties
of solids, band theory
Synthetic Inorganic Chemistry: Synthesis, principles and structures of the
following compounds, boron hydrides, boron anions, carboranes, compounds having
B-N, B-P, Si-O, P-N, S-N, metal-hydrogen and metal carbon bonds – noble gas
compounds.
Analytical Chemistry: BPrinciples of volumetric and gravimetric analysis, organic
reagents in inorganic analysis, Principles of Instrumental methods in analysis –
neutron activation, isotope solution analysis, spectrophotometry and
flamephotometry, general applications of instrumental methods of chemical analysis
– electrochemical and spectroscopic methods in analytical chemistry.
Coordination compounds and transition metals: Coordination number –
nomenclature – measurement of stability constants of complexes – mono and
polyligated systems. Coordination components, isomerism, Principles of VB, MO
and LF approaches, eleectronic spectrum and magnetic properties. Reaction
mechanism of square planar and octahedral complexes. dn
configurations and their
theoretical analysis R – S states – CF and LF theories – state splitting in different
fields. Electronic spectra of complexes. Lanthanides – their properties – spectral and
magnetic properties of lanthanides and transition and metal complexes.
Organo-Metallics: Metal carbonyls – olefin and acetylene complexes –
metallocenes – haemoglobin.
III ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Reaction Mechanism: Chemical bonding and structure – nucleophilic substitution
reactions at saturated carbon atoms – neighbouring group participation – carbonium
ion rearrangements – mechanisms of oxidation of alcohols and ketone reductions.
Elementary treatment of reaction of type SN1, SN2, E1 and E2. Hoffmann and
Saytzeff Rules – substitutions at the aromatic ring, electrophilic, nucleophilic and 3
radical – correlation of structure and reactivity – inductive, resonance and steric
effects.
Reactions: Cycle additions – hydroboration – Hunsdiecker, Dieckmann, reactions,
Cope, Fries and Claisen rearrangements and their mechanism – electron deficient
carbon and nitrogen mediated rearrangements – Witting, Wolff, Hoffmann, Curtius,
Schmidt rections – Mannich, Favorski, Michael, Robinson reactions – enolates and
enamines.
Reagents used in organic synthesis (like KMnO4, K2Cr2O7, LiAlH4, NaBH4,
Wilkinson’s catalyst, DCC, etc.)
Organic Photo Chemistry: Reactions of carbonyl compounds – dienes,
cycloadditions – Woodward –Hoffmann rules – applications.
Terpenes: Classification – syntheses – structural elucidation of mono terpenoid and
diterpenoids.
Steriods: Classification – rearrangements of steroids – photo chemical
transformations – Barton reaction – cholesterol – synthesis of aromatic steroids
Structural Elucidation by Spectroscopic Methods: Application of UV, IR and
NMR spectroscopy to structural analysis of organic compounds.
IUPAC system of nomenclature, alkanes, alkenes, dienes, ketones, alcohols,
amines and carboxylic acids – their preparation and properties.
Aromaticity and benzene chemistry.
Stereo Chemistry: Optical activity – asymmetric synthesis – conformational
analysis of cyclohexanes and decalines – octat rule. Cyclohexane – Conformational
analysis geometric isomerism concepts of Z and E, R and S notations.
Heterocyclic compounds: Preparation, properties of Thiophene and pyrrole.
Model questions
1. Vitamin D is
a) calciferol b) ergosterol c) tocoferol 4. pyridoxine
2.The complex with spin only magnetic moment of approximately 4.9 B.M is
a)a) [Fe(H2O)6]
2+ 2.b) [Fe(CN)6] 3- -
c) Fe (CN)6]
4- d)[Fe(H2O)6]
3+
3. The chemical shift of proton on the delta scale is 4. The value of that proton
on toe scale is
a) 14 b) 6 c) 2.5 d) 4
4. What is the single elecrode potential of a half cell for zinc electrode dipping in
a 0.01 M ZnSO4 solution? (Eo
= 0.763V )
a) 0.7456V b) 0.8221V c) 0.5542V d) 0.747V
5. In Fischer projection formula, meso - 2,3 - butane diol is in
a) gauche conformation b) eclipsed conformation c) a staggered
conformation d) anti conformation